Electric multiple units

An electric multiple unit (EMU) is a self-propelled trainset in which the traction equipment is distributed along the train instead of being concentrated in a locomotive. It has a driving cab at each end and can be coupled to other units to form longer trains.

Distributed traction gives better acceleration and adhesion, which makes EMUs ideal for suburban and regional services with frequent stops. Most modern high-speed trains, such as the Japanese Shinkansen, the Siemens Velaro or the Frecciarossa 1000, are also EMUs.

Spec sheets of EMUs usually indicate the formation (number of cars and ratio of motor to trailer cars), the passenger capacity, the train length and the electrification systems.